{
 "name": "Who owns an MEP consultant's drawings and calculations",
 "title": "Who owns an MEP consultant's drawings and calculations",
 "kind": "terms-board",
 "url": "https://sellmepdatatoai.com/datasets/mep-consultant-drawing-ownership-law/",
 "csv": "https://sellmepdatatoai.com/datasets/mep-consultant-drawing-ownership-law.csv",
 "markdown": "https://sellmepdatatoai.com/datasets/mep-consultant-drawing-ownership-law/index.md",
 "computed_at": "2026-10-31",
 "license": "https://sellmepdatatoai.com/terms",
 "headline": "4 of 14 consultant forms and statutes we read leave the copyright in the drawings with the firm that drew them, newest read 31 October 2026.",
 "quotes": [
  "4 of 14 consultant forms and statutes we read leave the copyright in the drawings with the firm that drew them, newest read 31 October 2026.",
  "Who it leaves the copyright with, by text: not stated 5 of 14, the consultant that drew them 4 of 14, the author, unless a signed writing moves it 3 of 14, the employer, for an employee's work 2 of 14 (14 texts, read 31 October 2026).",
  "What it settles for a sale, by text: the licence the architect, client or owner receives 4 of 14, what the protected work is 2 of 14, not stated 2 of 14, who owns the drawings 2 of 14, how long the right lasts 2 of 14, how ownership passes 2 of 14 (14 texts, read 31 October 2026).",
  "What it says, in its own words, by text: stated 13 of 14, not stated 1 of 14 (14 texts, read 31 October 2026)."
 ],
 "citation": "\"Who owns an MEP consultant's drawings and calculations\", updated 2026-10-31, https://sellmepdatatoai.com/datasets/mep-consultant-drawing-ownership-law/.",
 "national": {
  "n": 14,
  "unit": "texts",
  "documents": 16,
  "published_sources": 14,
  "named_sources": 16
 },
 "board": {
  "type": "clauses",
  "noun": {
   "one": "text",
   "many": "texts"
  },
  "document": {
   "one": "page",
   "many": "pages"
  },
  "fields": [
   {
    "id": "holder",
    "label": "Who it leaves the copyright with",
    "counts": {
     "employer": 2,
     "author-unless-written": 3,
     "not-stated": 5,
     "consultant": 4
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "consultant",
      "text": "the consultant that drew them"
     },
     {
      "value": "client-side",
      "text": "the architect, client or owner"
     },
     {
      "value": "author-unless-written",
      "text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it"
     },
     {
      "value": "employer",
      "text": "the employer, for an employee's work"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "effect",
    "label": "What it settles for a sale",
    "counts": {
     "defines": 2,
     "ownership": 2,
     "transfer": 2,
     "term": 2,
     "not-stated": 2,
     "licence": 4
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "ownership",
      "text": "who owns the drawings"
     },
     {
      "value": "licence",
      "text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives"
     },
     {
      "value": "transfer",
      "text": "how ownership passes"
     },
     {
      "value": "term",
      "text": "how long the right lasts"
     },
     {
      "value": "defines",
      "text": "what the protected work is"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "words",
    "label": "What it says, in its own words",
    "counts": {
     "stated": 13,
     "not-stated": 1
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "stated"
     }
    ],
    "clause": true
   }
  ],
  "lead": {
   "type": "share",
   "field": "holder",
   "value": "consultant",
   "n": 4,
   "of": 14,
   "label": "Texts leaving copyright with the consultant"
  },
  "vendors": [
   {
    "name": "17 U.S.C. 101",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "employer",
      "text": "the employer, for an employee's work",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
        "value": "employer",
        "quote": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment"
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "defines",
      "text": "what the protected work is",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
        "value": "defines",
        "quote": "if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire"
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "17 U.S.C. 201",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "author-unless-written",
      "text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
        "value": "author-unless-written",
        "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "ownership",
      "text": "who owns the drawings",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
        "value": "ownership",
        "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by them, owns all of the rights comprised in the copyright."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "17 U.S.C. 204",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "author-unless-written",
      "text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "execution of transfers",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
        "value": "author-unless-written",
        "quote": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer, is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed"
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "transfer",
      "text": "how ownership passes",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "execution of transfers",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
        "value": "transfer",
        "quote": "is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or such owner’s duly authorized agent."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "execution of transfers",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "17 U.S.C. 302",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "term",
      "text": "how long the right lasts",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
        "value": "term",
        "quote": "endures for a term consisting of the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication, or a…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication, or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "ACE agreements",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "ACE collateral warranty agreements",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "consultant",
      "text": "the consultant that drew them",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
        "value": "consultant",
        "quote": "2.1 The Consultant’s Intellectual Property Rights, as defined in clause 2.6, remain vested in the Consultant."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "licence",
      "text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "The Beneficiary has a licence to use the drawings, documents and information issued pursuant to the Appointment by the Consultant for any purpose relating to completion of the Works and the operation of the Project."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "The licence shall enable the Beneficiary to use the Consultant’s drawings, documents and…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "The licence shall enable the Beneficiary to use the Consultant’s drawings, documents and information and to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "ACE Professional Services Agreement 2017",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "consultant",
      "text": "the consultant that drew them",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
        "value": "consultant",
        "quote": "9.1 The Consultant’s Intellectual Property Rights remain vested in the Consultant."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "licence",
      "text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "The Client has a licence to use the drawings, documents and information issued to the Client by the Consultant for any purpose relating to completion of the Project"
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project but not to reproduce the designs…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project but not to reproduce the designs contained within it for any extension of the Project."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "ACE Short Form 2015",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "consultant",
      "text": "the consultant that drew them",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
        "value": "consultant",
        "quote": "provided by the Consultant to the Client remains vested in the Consultant."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "licence",
      "text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "The Client shall have a licence to copy and use such material for the purposes for which they were provided"
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "If the Client is in default of payment of any amount under this Agreement the Consultant…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
        "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "If the Client is in default of payment of any amount under this Agreement the Consultant may revoke any licence granted by giving seven days’ notice."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "AIA C401-2017",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "AIA Document C401–2017 is a standard form of agreement between the architect and the…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "AIA Document C401–2017 is a standard form of agreement between the architect and the consultant providing services to the architect."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "AIA C402-2018",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "consultant",
      "text": "the consultant that drew them",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
        "value": "consultant",
        "quote": "The Owner-Architect agreements require the Architect to obtain a nonexclusive license from its consultants"
       },
       {
        "document": "summary",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       },
       {
        "document": "instructions, article 6",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "consultant",
        "quote": "The Consultant and the Architect are deemed the authors and owners of their respective Instruments of Service, and they retain all common law and statutory rights, including copyright."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "licence",
      "text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "has a limited flow down: copyrights, licenses, and payments."
       },
       {
        "document": "summary",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "However, the terms and conditions of Article 7 Copyrights and Licenses, will survive Termination of the Agreement."
       },
       {
        "document": "instructions, article 6",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "licence",
        "quote": "Through this flow down, the Owner receives a nonexclusive license to use the Consultant’s Instruments of Service for constructing, using, maintaining, altering, and adding to the Project."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "The parties are required to insert protocols for transmitting Instruments of Service or…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "frequently asked questions",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "The parties are required to insert protocols for transmitting Instruments of Service or other data in digital form."
       },
       {
        "document": "summary",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "termination of this Agreement is one year from the date of Substantial Completion, unless otherwise stated in the Agreement."
       },
       {
        "document": "instructions, article 6",
        "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "They grant each other a nonexclusive license to use the Instruments of Service in the same manner established in the Prime Agreement."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "CDPA 1988 s.11",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "employer",
      "text": "the employer, for an employee's work",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "first ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "employer",
        "quote": "his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "ownership",
      "text": "who owns the drawings",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "first ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "ownership",
        "quote": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner of any copyright"
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "Where a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work [F1, or a film,] is made by an…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "first ownership of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "Where a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work [F1, or a film,] is made by an employee in the course of his employment"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "CDPA 1988 s.12",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "term",
      "text": "how long the right lasts",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
        "value": "term",
        "quote": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies, subject as follows."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "duration of copyright",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "CDPA 1988 s.4",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "not-stated",
      "text": "not stated",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "artistic works",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
        "value": "not-stated",
        "quote": ""
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "defines",
      "text": "what the protected work is",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "artistic works",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
        "value": "defines",
        "quote": "any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan"
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "a graphic work, photograph, sculpture or collage, irrespective of artistic quality",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "artistic works",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "a graphic work, photograph, sculpture or collage, irrespective of artistic quality"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "CDPA 1988 s.90",
    "answers": {
     "holder": {
      "value": "author-unless-written",
      "text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "assignment and licences",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
        "value": "author-unless-written",
        "quote": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on behalf of the assignor."
       }
      ]
     },
     "effect": {
      "value": "transfer",
      "text": "how ownership passes",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "assignment and licences",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
        "value": "transfer",
        "quote": "Copyright is transmissible by assignment, by testamentary disposition or by operation of law, as personal or moveable property."
       }
      ]
     },
     "words": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "assignment and licences",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on behalf of the assignor."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   }
  ]
 },
 "subject_kind": "text",
 "rows": [
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 101",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
   "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "employer",
   "answer_text": "the employer, for an employee's work",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "quote": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment",
   "text_sha256": "60dcfb43762ed45147929d0140eadffbd82ff767734793408a6790895e06e2c1"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 101",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
   "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "defines",
   "answer_text": "what the protected work is",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "quote": "if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire",
   "text_sha256": "60dcfb43762ed45147929d0140eadffbd82ff767734793408a6790895e06e2c1"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 101",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
   "document": "definitions, work made for hire",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "quote": "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment",
   "text_sha256": "60dcfb43762ed45147929d0140eadffbd82ff767734793408a6790895e06e2c1"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 201",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
   "document": "ownership of copyright",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "author-unless-written",
   "answer_text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work.",
   "text_sha256": "cab0c9c7ed3688beed0db73f0c5c58c3a4f0fda472de9440566080dd0a562afd"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 201",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
   "document": "ownership of copyright",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "ownership",
   "answer_text": "who owns the drawings",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work.",
   "text_sha256": "cab0c9c7ed3688beed0db73f0c5c58c3a4f0fda472de9440566080dd0a562afd"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 201",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
   "document": "ownership of copyright",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by them, owns all of the rights comprised in the copyright.",
   "text_sha256": "cab0c9c7ed3688beed0db73f0c5c58c3a4f0fda472de9440566080dd0a562afd"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 204",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
   "document": "execution of transfers",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "author-unless-written",
   "answer_text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer, is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed",
   "text_sha256": "a6a7fe3feb2fbdcfd15c378984f41344ff46c9a49c7867ee02d9aad8e3de488b"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 204",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
   "document": "execution of transfers",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "transfer",
   "answer_text": "how ownership passes",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or such owner’s duly authorized agent.",
   "text_sha256": "a6a7fe3feb2fbdcfd15c378984f41344ff46c9a49c7867ee02d9aad8e3de488b"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 204",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
   "document": "execution of transfers",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance",
   "text_sha256": "a6a7fe3feb2fbdcfd15c378984f41344ff46c9a49c7867ee02d9aad8e3de488b"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 302",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-27 (3,861 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "54c30bfe49956e6cec792e0b04a77e9924d179d3d712f4dfdbc44abd9598483a"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 302",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "term",
   "answer_text": "how long the right lasts",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27",
   "quote": "endures for a term consisting of the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death.",
   "text_sha256": "54c30bfe49956e6cec792e0b04a77e9924d179d3d712f4dfdbc44abd9598483a"
  },
  {
   "subject": "17 U.S.C. 302",
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication, or a…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27",
   "quote": "the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication, or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first.",
   "text_sha256": "54c30bfe49956e6cec792e0b04a77e9924d179d3d712f4dfdbc44abd9598483a"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (5,230 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "e487820a41e513c43a7cac1139fb0faa23a5954ec36b7d0dbe889b9ab809111e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (5,230 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "e487820a41e513c43a7cac1139fb0faa23a5954ec36b7d0dbe889b9ab809111e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (5,230 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "e487820a41e513c43a7cac1139fb0faa23a5954ec36b7d0dbe889b9ab809111e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE collateral warranty agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
   "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "consultant",
   "answer_text": "the consultant that drew them",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "2.1 The Consultant’s Intellectual Property Rights, as defined in clause 2.6, remain vested in the Consultant.",
   "text_sha256": "b8de088357f127a3c3f4c16e70b0870dab741027eb5afa080d5e30a93d565da6"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE collateral warranty agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
   "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The Beneficiary has a licence to use the drawings, documents and information issued pursuant to the Appointment by the Consultant for any purpose relating to completion of the Works and the operation of the Project.",
   "text_sha256": "b8de088357f127a3c3f4c16e70b0870dab741027eb5afa080d5e30a93d565da6"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE collateral warranty agreements",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
   "document": "clause 2, intellectual property",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "The licence shall enable the Beneficiary to use the Consultant’s drawings, documents and…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The licence shall enable the Beneficiary to use the Consultant’s drawings, documents and information and to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project",
   "text_sha256": "b8de088357f127a3c3f4c16e70b0870dab741027eb5afa080d5e30a93d565da6"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Professional Services Agreement 2017",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
   "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "consultant",
   "answer_text": "the consultant that drew them",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "9.1 The Consultant’s Intellectual Property Rights remain vested in the Consultant.",
   "text_sha256": "10e362af4c7dc59498cddce39e13fd7f905fdaf93c8e3c8397b3ed3218695b3e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Professional Services Agreement 2017",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
   "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The Client has a licence to use the drawings, documents and information issued to the Client by the Consultant for any purpose relating to completion of the Project",
   "text_sha256": "10e362af4c7dc59498cddce39e13fd7f905fdaf93c8e3c8397b3ed3218695b3e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Professional Services Agreement 2017",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
   "document": "clause 9, intellectual property",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project but not to reproduce the designs…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "to grant sub-licences for an extension to the Project but not to reproduce the designs contained within it for any extension of the Project.",
   "text_sha256": "10e362af4c7dc59498cddce39e13fd7f905fdaf93c8e3c8397b3ed3218695b3e"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Short Form 2015",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
   "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "consultant",
   "answer_text": "the consultant that drew them",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "provided by the Consultant to the Client remains vested in the Consultant.",
   "text_sha256": "f79a9486af9ede00c607f1629965b219db24e50b775c3feb955735ff4b1726de"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Short Form 2015",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
   "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The Client shall have a licence to copy and use such material for the purposes for which they were provided",
   "text_sha256": "f79a9486af9ede00c607f1629965b219db24e50b775c3feb955735ff4b1726de"
  },
  {
   "subject": "ACE Short Form 2015",
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
   "document": "clause 5, copyright, licences and confidentiality",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "If the Client is in default of payment of any amount under this Agreement the Consultant…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "If the Client is in default of payment of any amount under this Agreement the Consultant may revoke any licence granted by giving seven days’ notice.",
   "text_sha256": "f79a9486af9ede00c607f1629965b219db24e50b775c3feb955735ff4b1726de"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C401-2017",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
   "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (8,145 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "62af3fec0014159f57446535974ef66b853475b6d12c6ebda2b89db9ee64ccce"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C401-2017",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
   "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (8,145 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "62af3fec0014159f57446535974ef66b853475b6d12c6ebda2b89db9ee64ccce"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C401-2017",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
   "document": "instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "AIA Document C401–2017 is a standard form of agreement between the architect and the…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "AIA Document C401–2017 is a standard form of agreement between the architect and the consultant providing services to the architect.",
   "text_sha256": "62af3fec0014159f57446535974ef66b853475b6d12c6ebda2b89db9ee64ccce"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "consultant",
   "answer_text": "the consultant that drew them",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The Owner-Architect agreements require the Architect to obtain a nonexclusive license from its consultants",
   "text_sha256": "c24e28d3d8125a8755f27f58001cb11ce5cd88cdde70fe61ab76300c3220b8a5"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "has a limited flow down: copyrights, licenses, and payments.",
   "text_sha256": "c24e28d3d8125a8755f27f58001cb11ce5cd88cdde70fe61ab76300c3220b8a5"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
   "document": "frequently asked questions",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "The parties are required to insert protocols for transmitting Instruments of Service or…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The parties are required to insert protocols for transmitting Instruments of Service or other data in digital form.",
   "text_sha256": "c24e28d3d8125a8755f27f58001cb11ce5cd88cdde70fe61ab76300c3220b8a5"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "instructions, article 6",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "consultant",
   "answer_text": "the consultant that drew them",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "The Consultant and the Architect are deemed the authors and owners of their respective Instruments of Service, and they retain all common law and statutory rights, including copyright.",
   "text_sha256": "c139d2cd8145ee487bdf95219a7e15fd945432154677354314cb6425e769bb17"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "instructions, article 6",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Through this flow down, the Owner receives a nonexclusive license to use the Consultant’s Instruments of Service for constructing, using, maintaining, altering, and adding to the Project.",
   "text_sha256": "c139d2cd8145ee487bdf95219a7e15fd945432154677354314cb6425e769bb17"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "instructions, article 6",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "They grant each other a nonexclusive license to use the Instruments of Service in the…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "They grant each other a nonexclusive license to use the Instruments of Service in the same manner established in the Prime Agreement.",
   "text_sha256": "c139d2cd8145ee487bdf95219a7e15fd945432154677354314cb6425e769bb17"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "summary",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-31 (6,682 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "2c052808f4b53cac25341fea02712c941f3984aab0650916a07b523104327b32"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "summary",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "licence",
   "answer_text": "the licence the architect, client or owner receives",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "However, the terms and conditions of Article 7 Copyrights and Licenses, will survive Termination of the Agreement.",
   "text_sha256": "2c052808f4b53cac25341fea02712c941f3984aab0650916a07b523104327b32"
  },
  {
   "subject": "AIA C402-2018",
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "document": "summary",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "termination of this Agreement is one year from the date of Substantial Completion, unless…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31",
   "quote": "termination of this Agreement is one year from the date of Substantial Completion, unless otherwise stated in the Agreement.",
   "text_sha256": "2c052808f4b53cac25341fea02712c941f3984aab0650916a07b523104327b32"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.11",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
   "document": "first ownership of copyright",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "employer",
   "answer_text": "the employer, for an employee's work",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary.",
   "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.11",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
   "document": "first ownership of copyright",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "ownership",
   "answer_text": "who owns the drawings",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner of any copyright",
   "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.11",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
   "document": "first ownership of copyright",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "Where a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work [F1, or a film,] is made by an…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Where a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work [F1, or a film,] is made by an employee in the course of his employment",
   "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.12",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-08 (9,076 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "0dcf3732c63908c28abdd8ff3ecdfa66ec6d5794f50e9c06a7707292a3b253da"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.12",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "term",
   "answer_text": "how long the right lasts",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies, subject as follows.",
   "text_sha256": "0dcf3732c63908c28abdd8ff3ecdfa66ec6d5794f50e9c06a7707292a3b253da"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.12",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
   "document": "duration of copyright",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Copyright expires at the end of the period of 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author dies",
   "text_sha256": "0dcf3732c63908c28abdd8ff3ecdfa66ec6d5794f50e9c06a7707292a3b253da"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
   "document": "artistic works",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "not-stated",
   "answer_text": "not stated",
   "status": "not-stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "Not addressed: the page read on 2026-10-28 (5,045 characters) is silent on this.",
   "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
   "document": "artistic works",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "defines",
   "answer_text": "what the protected work is",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan",
   "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.4",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
   "document": "artistic works",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "a graphic work, photograph, sculpture or collage, irrespective of artistic quality",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "a graphic work, photograph, sculpture or collage, irrespective of artistic quality",
   "text_sha256": "38e6ece563f3afa55e877ef14fddd57d8fe159505988465e914d7cae428f78ee"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
   "document": "assignment and licences",
   "question": "holder",
   "answer": "author-unless-written",
   "answer_text": "the author, unless a signed writing moves it",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on behalf of the assignor.",
   "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
   "document": "assignment and licences",
   "question": "effect",
   "answer": "transfer",
   "answer_text": "how ownership passes",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Copyright is transmissible by assignment, by testamentary disposition or by operation of law, as personal or moveable property.",
   "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b"
  },
  {
   "subject": "CDPA 1988 s.90",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
   "document": "assignment and licences",
   "question": "words",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "An assignment of copyright is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on behalf of the assignor.",
   "text_sha256": "41340d9e7618d2270c113f4d107791882583cfacea0be8e2519d75774b126a0b"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010174081-instructions-c401-2017-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant",
   "label": "AIA C401-2017 instructions, architect-consultant agreement",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500009825461-FAQs-C402-2018-Architect-Consultant-Agreement",
   "label": "AIA C402-2018 FAQs",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010266202-summary-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "label": "AIA C402-2018 summary",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://help.aiacontracts.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010137542-instructions-c402-2018-standard-form-of-agreement-between-architect-and-consultant-for-special-services",
   "label": "AIA C402-2018 instructions",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2284/ace-short-form-2015.pdf",
   "label": "ACE Short Form 2015",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2517/ace-professional-services-agreement-2017-ec.pdf",
   "label": "ACE Professional Services Agreement 2017 (evaluation copy)",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/2008/ace-agreements-faqs.pdf",
   "label": "ACE agreements FAQs",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.acenet.co.uk/media/6748/collateral-warranty-agreements-eval-copy.pdf",
   "label": "ACE collateral warranty agreements (evaluation copy)",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "first-party-index",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101",
   "label": "17 U.S.C. 101: definitions, work made for hire",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/201",
   "label": "17 U.S.C. 201: ownership of copyright",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/204",
   "label": "17 U.S.C. 204: transfers in writing",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/4",
   "label": "CDPA 1988 s.4: artistic works, drawings",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
   "label": "CDPA 1988 s.11: first ownership, employees",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/90",
   "label": "CDPA 1988 s.90: assignment and licences",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/12",
   "label": "CDPA 1988 s.12: duration of copyright",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/302",
   "label": "17 U.S.C. 302: duration of copyright",
   "license": "the publisher's the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  }
 ],
 "methodology": "Each text's own the AIA and ACE consultant agreement pages and the US and UK copyright statutes were read through estate-fetch and stored whole (sha256 on every row). For every page, three questions were answered from its own words: who it leaves the copyright with, what it settles for a sale, what it says, in its own words. Every stated answer carries the sentence it rests on, checked against the stored text; 'not stated' means the page read does not address the question. A text with several pages reads 'varies' where they disagree. 14 texts, 16 pages.",
 "embed": "<figure style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;border:1px solid #d0d0d0;background:#ffffff\"><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 8px;background:#ffffff\">4 of 14 consultant forms and statutes we read leave the copyright in the drawings with the firm that drew them, newest read 31 October 2026.</blockquote><figcaption style=\"background:#ffffff\"><a href=\"https://sellmepdatatoai.com/datasets/mep-consultant-drawing-ownership-law/\" style=\"background:#ffffff\">Who owns an MEP consultant's drawings and calculations, sellmepdatatoai.com</a></figcaption></figure>"
}
